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Graham Basil Spanier (born July 18, 1948) was 16th president of The Pennsylvania State University, from Sept. 1, 1995, to Nov. 9, 2011, when he was forced to resign in the aftermath of the Penn State child sex abuse scandal. Spanier is currently president emeritus, university professor, and professor of human development and family studies; sociology, demography, and family; and community medicine. He had a one-year post-presidential sabbatical leave following his resignation as president of Penn State in November 2011. As of October 13, 2014, he is also under indictment in Pennsylvania in connection with the scandal. ==Early life and education== Graham Basil Spanier was born to Rosadele Lurie and Fritz Otto Spanier in Cape Town, South Africa and came to Chicago as an infant following his parents' decision to flee apartheid. His father had previously escaped Nazi Germany in 1936; much of his father's extended family perished during the Holocaust. The family moved to a working-class neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, living there until 1956. Spanier’s father worked in a nuts, bolts and screws warehouse loading and unloading trucks; his mother worked in a clerical position. The family moved to the suburb of Highland Park, where Spanier graduated from Highland Park High School in 1966. His father became postmaster of Highland Park in 1962 and retired from that position in 1975. Spanier has revealed that his father was physically violent with all three of his children. His sister Anita told ''The New York Times'' Spanier received the most violent beatings, leaving him with lifelong complications. “I’ve had to have four operations to correct serious deformities inside my head from beatings my father gave me,” Spanier said. “They had to rebuild me from the inside out.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/20/magazine/the-trials-of-graham-spanier-penn-states-ousted-president.html )〕 As a teenager, Spanier largely supported himself financially, working part-time jobs at a radio station, a children's clothing store, a legal office, and saving for college by mowing lawns and baby-sitting.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://static.squarespace.com/static/53055509e4b06b3a5cccdc75/t/532f702ee4b05724b50634ed/1395617838603/YouCanCallMeGraham.pdf )〕 He was president of J&A Radio Productions, a Junior Achievement company that produced a weekly show called “Variety” targeted to Chicago-area youth. Along with Brian Ross, he co-founded a radio news service that covered the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. He attended Iowa State University, where he earned a bachelor's degree in sociology in three years (in 1969) and continued his education to earn a master's degree (1971). As a graduate student, he taught undergraduate classes in marriage and family sociology while on an assistantship. During college, Spanier served as a head resident in the residence halls and worked in radio and television at WEEF (Chicago), KASI (Ames, Iowa) and WOI-TV (Ames, Iowa). He had summer jobs as a radio announcer, news director, pizza maker, bank teller and public relations officer. He received numerous honors while a university student for his leadership in student government and campus activities, including the Gold Key of the (Cardinal Key Honor Society ). Iowa State later honored him with the Distinguished Achievement Citation and an honorary doctorate (2004).〔Graham Spanier note 4〕 Following his graduation from Iowa State, Spanier attended Northwestern University, where he was a Woodrow Wilson Fellow, and earned his Ph.D. in sociology in 1973.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Graham Spanier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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